Some count-based nonparametric tests for circular symmetry of a bivariate distribution

In this paper, we revisit the problem of testing of the hypothesis of circular symmetry of a bivariate distribution. We propose some nonparametric tests based on sector counts. These include tests based on chi-square goodness-of-fit test, the classical likelihood ratio, mean deviation, and the range. The proposed tests are easy to implement and the exact null distributions for small sample sizes of the test statistics are obtained. Two examples with small and large data sets are given to illustrate the application of the tests proposed. For small and moderate sample sizes, the performances of the proposed tests are evaluated using empirical powers (empirical sizes are also reported). Also, we evaluate the performance of these count-based tests with adaptations of several well-known tests such as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov-type tests, tests based on kernel density estimator, and the Wilcoxon-type tests. It is observed that among the count-based tests the likelihood ratio test performs better.     

“省直管县”改革能否提升县级财力水平?

将“省直管县”财政体制改革作为拟自然实验，基于全国县级面板数据，利用可有效校正选择偏差问题的 PSM-DID 方法构造“反事实”状态，估计改革对县级财力水平的平均处理效应。结果显示: 改革增加了人均本级财政收入，却减少了人均转移支付水平，且下降幅度较大，致使人均财政总收入减少，表明“省直管县”改革不但无法提升，甚至会在一定程度上恶化县级财政状况。东、中部地区的平均处理效应与全国类似，上述结论具有比较好的稳健性。此外，还进行了影响机制检验，地级市与县、县与县之间的财政竞争以及省对各市、县的协调机制会在一定程度上影响财政体制改革的效果。     

Toward General Principles for Resilience Engineering

Maintaining the performance of infrastructure-dependent systems in the face of surprises and unknowable risks is a grand challenge. Addressing this issue requires a better understanding of enabling conditions or principles that promote system resilience in a universal way. In this study, a set of such principles is interpreted as a group of interrelated conditions or organizational qualities that, taken together, engender system resilience. The field of resilience engineering identifies basic system or organizational qualities (e.g., abilities for learning) that are associated with enhanced general resilience and has packaged them into a set of principles that should be fostered. However, supporting conditions that give rise to such first-order system qualities remain elusive in the field. An integrative understanding of how such conditions co-occur and fit together to bring about resilience, therefore, has been less clear. This article contributes to addressing this gap by identifying a potentially more comprehensive set of principles for building general resilience in infrastructure-dependent systems. In approaching this aim, we organize scattered notions from across the literature. To reflect the partly self-organizing nature of infrastructure-dependent systems, we compare and synthesize two lines of research on resilience: resilience engineering and social-ecological system resilience. Although some of the principles discussed within the two fields overlap, there are some nuanced differences. By comparing and synthesizing the knowledge developed in them, we recommend an updated set of resilience-enhancing principles for infrastructure-dependent systems. In addition to proposing an expanded list of principles, we illustrate how these principles can co-occur and their interdependencies.     

Essential Micro‐foundations for Contemporary Business Operations: Top Management Tangible Competencies,Relationship‐based Business Networks and Environmental Sustainability

Although various studies have emphasized linkages between firm competencies, networks and sustainability at organizational level, the links between top management tangible competencies (TMTCs) (e.g. contemporary relevant quantitative‐focused education such as big data analytics and data‐driven applications linked with the internet of things, relevant experience and analytical business applications), relationship‐based business networks (RBNs) and environmental sustainability have not been well established at micro‐level, and there is a literature gap in terms of investigating these relationships. This study examines these links based on the unique data collected from 175 top management representatives (chief executive officers and managing directors) working in food import and export firms headquartered in the UK and New Zealand. Our results from structural equation modelling indicate that TMTCs are the key determinants for building RBNs, mediating the correlation between TMTCs and environmental sustainability. Directly, the competencies also play a vital role towards environmental practices. The findings further depict that relationship‐oriented firms perform better compared to those which focus less on such networks. Consequently, our findings provide a deeper understanding of the micro‐foundations of environmental sustainability based on TMTCs rooted in the resource‐based view and RBNs entrenched in social network theory. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings, and we provide suggestions for future research.     

人类学仪式理论视角下文化产业“神圣游程”体验模式

文化产业是对现代性的"好恶交织"。消费者在日常生活与文化产业之间进行"逃离—回归"的往返循环,相应地产生"世俗—神圣—世俗"的转换体验。该过程可表示为文化产业的"神圣游程"体验模式,由分离、阈限、聚合三个阶段构成。该模式与旅游"神圣游程"体验模式在异质性体验和人际互动方面存在明显区别,但本质上同为"体验差异"的现代性生存哲学的体现。     

What's love got to do with it? Passion and inequality in white‐collar work

Emotion has become an increasingly important aspect of work in the 21st century. In this article, we take stock of the extant literature delineating the role of emotions, especially passion as a cultural schema, in white‐collar workplaces. Scholars have covered extensive ground on emotions at work, but the role of passion remains an underexplored yet significant area. Drawing from recent developments in research on white‐collar work, we argue that the passion schema has become a critical marker in the labor market for sorting individuals into occupations, hiring and promotion within organizations, and assigning value to people's labor. Emergent research suggests that because the expression and perception of passion remain ambiguously defined in the workplace and varies by context, it is pivotal in reproducing social inequalities. In this review, we focus on how privileging passion in the workplace and interpreting it as a measure of aptitude impacts social inequalities by race, gender, and social class. We close by setting an agenda for further research on this topic.     

How Women Talk in Indian Democracy

Qualitative Sociology - In democracies, political institutions based on deliberation offer citizens scope for talk-based participation in development and governance. A prominent example is the...     

新媒体时代背景下大学生的从众心理研究

"从众"是日常生活和工作中随处可见的一种社会心理现象,在大学生中,从众现象也很普遍。尤其是在互联网技术高速发展的新媒体时代,大学生在学习、生活和消费上都表现出了强烈的从众心理。从众心理不仅抑制了大学生个性的发展,而且扼杀了大学生的创造力,因此必须通过加强对大学生个性发展的教育、强化对大学生的网络情感教育等措施对大学生的从众心理进行引导。     

区域社会史视野下的"客家"称谓由来考论--以清代以来赣南的"客佃"、"客籍"与"客家"为例

针对目前客家学界认为今日"客家"的名称产生于明清时期,等同于明清文献中的"客佃"、"客籍"这一流行观点,本文以清代以来赣南文献中的"客佃"、"客籍"与"客家"为例,从区域社会史的角度对这些术语的具体历史语境和历史内涵进行考察和分析.指出清代的"客佃"、"客籍"作为清代移垦过程和户籍制度背景下特定的历史产物,其实是一个与"土著"、"土籍"相对的移民范畴,而今日所谓的"客家",则是在晚清民国以来社会文化变迁和学术发展背景下出现或建构的一个具有人类学意义的民系范畴,二者完全属于不同的历史范畴,故而不能相提并论.     

我国现行宪法中“政治权利”的概念解读——基于文义解释的维度

从普通含义和专业含义两个维度解读我国宪法文本中的政治权利概念,政治权利的内涵可被理解为"参与国家政治生活的权利",而其外延则是不确定的,但至少包含选举权与被选举权,担任公职权和言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由等三项权利。并且从《宪法》第34条但书规范的解释角度,我们也无法得出我国宪法文本中的政治权利仅限于选举权与被选举权的结论。